18, Woodrow Wilson became the first sitting president to marry during his term of office, when he wed Edith Bolling Galt.ĭ.W. 12, British nurse Edith Cavell was executed for treason in German-occupied Belgium. 4, the last of the Romanovs Tsar Nicholas II formally took command of the Russia Army, despite nearly unanimous opposition from his cabinet. On May 7, the British ocean liner RMS Lusitania was torpedoed by a German U-boat and sunk. The Armenian Genocide, during which the Ottoman Empire systematically exterminated 1.5 million Armenians, began on April 24, with the deportation of about 250 intellectuals and community leaders from Constantinople. On April 22, German forces used 150 tons of chlorine gas against French forces at the Second Battle of Ypres, the first use of modern chemical warfare. 17, the only major Ottoman victory of the war. The bloody Gallipoli Campaign took place in Turkey on Feb. Most of 1915 was focused on the expanding World War I. Time Life Pictures / Mansell / The LIFE Picture Collection / Getty Images Although the modern parachute was invented in the 18th century, a successful test of inventor Charles Broadwick's version was held in Paris, when a dummy wearing one was chucked off the Eiffel tower in Paris. 21, and not returned to France until 1913. Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa was stolen off the wall of the Louvre Museum on Aug. American archaeologist Hiram Bingham first saw the Incan city of Machu Picchu on July 24, and Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen reached the geographic South Pole on Dec. In science, British physicist Ernest Rutherford published a paper in the Philosophical Magazine describing what would become known as the Rutherford model of the atom. Rockefeller lost an anti-trust battle in the Supreme Court, Standard Oil was broken into 34 separate companies. The Chinese or Xinghai Revolution began with the Wuchang Uprising on October 10. On March 25, 1911, New York City's Triangle Shirtwaist factory caught fire and killed 500 workers, leading to the establishment of building, fire, and safety codes.
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